Red Clover Benefits: What Science Says About This Herbal Remedy

Red clover has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for various health concerns, particularly those affecting women. This flowering herb contains unique plant compounds that may offer several health benefits, though scientific research is still ongoing to confirm many traditional uses.

If you’re considering red clover as a supplement or herbal tea, understanding its potential benefits, risks, and proper usage is essential for making informed decisions about your health.

What Is Red Clover?

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a perennial herb native to Europe, Western Asia, and Northwest Africa. Today, it grows widely across North America and other continents, often found in meadows and along roadsides.

The plant produces distinctive pink to red flowers and has been cultivated both as livestock feed and for medicinal purposes. The flowering tops of red clover are the primary parts used in herbal preparations.

Red clover is rich in isoflavones, which are plant-based compounds that can mimic estrogen in the body. The main isoflavones in red clover include biochanin A, formononetin, genistein, and daidzein. These compounds are responsible for many of red clover’s proposed health effects.

Red Clover Benefits for Female Health

Many women turn to red clover specifically for hormone-related health concerns. Here are the most researched benefits for women’s health:

Menopause Symptom Relief

The most well-studied use of red clover is for managing menopause symptoms, particularly hot flashes and night sweats. The isoflavones in red clover act as phytoestrogens, which may help compensate for declining estrogen levels during menopause.

Several clinical studies have examined red clover’s effectiveness for hot flashes. Some research suggests that taking 40-80 mg of red clover extract daily may reduce the frequency and severity of hot flashes by 30-50% in women experiencing five or more episodes per day.

However, results have been mixed across different studies. While some women report significant relief, others experience minimal benefit compared to placebo. The effectiveness may depend on individual factors such as the severity of symptoms and the ability to metabolize isoflavones.

Beyond hot flashes, red clover may also help with other menopause-related concerns including mood changes, sleep disturbances, and vaginal dryness, though evidence for these benefits is less robust.

Bone Health Support

Declining estrogen levels during menopause can lead to decreased bone mineral density and increased risk of osteoporosis. Red clover’s phytoestrogen content has prompted research into its potential bone-protective effects.

Some studies have found that red clover supplementation may help slow bone loss in postmenopausal women. Research has shown that taking red clover extract containing isoflavones may help preserve bone mineral density in the spine and hip.

One study found that women taking 150 mL of red clover extract containing 37 mg of isoflavones daily for 12 weeks experienced less bone density loss compared to those taking a placebo.

However, not all research has confirmed these benefits. More long-term studies are needed to determine whether red clover can effectively prevent or treat osteoporosis.

Skin and Hair Health

Red clover has gained attention for its potential effects on skin and hair appearance, particularly in postmenopausal women experiencing age-related changes.

Research suggests that red clover extract may improve skin texture, hydration, and elasticity. Some women report improvements in hair thickness and growth when using red clover supplements or topical products.

One study found that postmenopausal women taking 80 mg of red clover extract for 90 days reported improvements in hair and skin texture and overall quality.

Another study examining topical application of 5% red clover extract showed a 13% increase in the active hair growth phase and a 29% decrease in the hair loss phase over four months.

Red Clover Tea Benefits

Red clover tea is a popular way to consume this herb, offering a pleasant, mild flavor along with potential health benefits.

To prepare red clover tea, steep 1-2 teaspoons (approximately 4 grams) of dried red clover flowers in one cup of boiling water for 5-10 minutes. Strain and enjoy up to three cups daily.

While red clover tea is generally safe and may provide antioxidants and other beneficial compounds, it’s important to note that the concentration of active isoflavones in tea is typically lower than in concentrated extracts or supplements. Most clinical research has used standardized extracts rather than tea.

Red clover tea may still offer benefits such as:

• Hydration and comfort
• Antioxidant support
• Mild relaxation effects
• Respiratory health support

If you’re drinking red clover tea for specific health benefits, consistency is key. However, limit consumption to 1-3 cups daily to minimize potential side effects.

Additional Red Clover Benefits

Cardiovascular Health

Some preliminary research has explored red clover’s effects on heart health markers, particularly in postmenopausal women.

Studies have examined red clover’s impact on cholesterol levels with mixed results. Some research shows that red clover may help decrease LDL (bad) cholesterol and increase HDL (good) cholesterol, while other studies have found no significant changes.

One study found that postmenopausal women taking 50 mg of red clover daily for one year experienced a 12% decrease in LDL cholesterol.

Red clover may also support arterial health by improving arterial compliance and blood flow. However, more high-quality research is needed before red clover can be recommended specifically for heart health.

Antioxidant Properties

Red clover contains various antioxidant compounds that may help protect cells from oxidative damage. These include isoflavones, flavonoids, and phenolic acids.

Antioxidants help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body, potentially reducing inflammation and supporting overall health. While these properties are promising, more research is needed to understand their practical health implications.

Respiratory Support

Traditional medicine has long used red clover for respiratory conditions, including coughs, bronchitis, and asthma. However, modern scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited.

Red clover may have mild expectorant properties, potentially helping to loosen mucus and ease coughs. Some people find red clover tea soothing for throat irritation.

Red Clover Dosage and Forms

Red clover is available in several forms, each with different dosing recommendations:

Supplements and Extracts

Most clinical research has used standardized red clover extracts containing 40-80 mg of isoflavones per day. Common supplement forms include:

• Capsules or tablets (typically 40-80 mg of isoflavones)
• Liquid extracts or tinctures
• Standardized extracts

Always follow the dosage instructions on the product label. Most supplements are designed to be taken once or twice daily with meals.

Tea

For red clover tea, use 1-2 teaspoons of dried flowers per cup of hot water, steeped for 5-10 minutes. Limit consumption to 1-3 cups per day.

Topical Applications

Some topical products contain red clover extract for skin and hair health. Follow the specific product instructions for application.

Side Effects and Safety Concerns

Red clover is generally considered safe for most people when used appropriately. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes red clover as safe, and most studies report it is well-tolerated.

Common Side Effects

While rare, some people may experience mild side effects including:

• Headache
• Nausea
• Skin rash or irritation
• Muscle aches
• Vaginal spotting or changes in menstruation

These side effects are typically mild and resolve when use is discontinued.

Serious Risks

Though uncommon, more serious concerns have been reported in isolated cases. Red clover may affect blood clotting, so there have been concerns about bleeding risks, particularly when combined with blood-thinning medications.

Who Should Avoid Red Clover?

Certain groups should exercise caution or avoid red clover altogether:

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

There is insufficient safety data on red clover use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Due to its estrogenic effects, it’s best to avoid red clover if you are pregnant or nursing.

Hormone-Sensitive Conditions

Because red clover has estrogenic activity, women with hormone-sensitive conditions should consult their healthcare provider before use. These conditions include:

• Breast cancer
• Ovarian cancer
• Uterine cancer
• Endometriosis
• Uterine fibroids

However, some research suggests that red clover may not increase cancer risk, even in women with a family history of breast cancer. One three-year study found that taking 40 mg of red clover daily did not increase breast cancer risk or cause hormonal changes.

Still, it’s crucial to discuss red clover use with your healthcare provider if you have or have had any hormone-sensitive condition.

Bleeding Disorders

Red clover may slow blood clotting. If you have a bleeding disorder or are scheduled for surgery, avoid red clover or speak with your healthcare provider first. Stop taking red clover at least two weeks before any scheduled surgery.

Children

Safety data for red clover use in children is lacking, so it should be avoided in pediatric populations.

Drug Interactions

Red clover may interact with various medications. Always inform your healthcare provider about any supplements you’re taking. Potential interactions include:

Hormonal Medications

Red clover may interact with:

• Birth control pills
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Fertility treatments
• Anti-estrogen medications

Blood Thinners

Red clover may increase the effects of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications, potentially increasing bleeding risk. These include aspirin, warfarin, clopidogrel, and others.

Liver-Processed Medications

Red clover may affect how the liver processes certain medications. If you take any prescription medications, consult your healthcare provider before using red clover.

Other Supplements

Be cautious when combining red clover with other supplements that have estrogenic effects or affect blood clotting, such as black cohosh, dong quai, or ginkgo biloba.

How to Choose a Quality Red Clover Product

When selecting a red clover supplement, consider these factors:

• Standardization: Look for products standardized to contain a specific amount of isoflavones (typically 40-80 mg)
• Third-party testing: Choose products that have been tested by independent laboratories for purity and potency
• Reputable manufacturer: Select brands with good manufacturing practices and positive reputations
• Clear labeling: The product should clearly list ingredients, dosage, and any potential allergens
• Expiration date: Ensure the product is fresh and properly stored

What Does the Research Say?

Scientific research on red clover has produced mixed results. While some studies show promising benefits, particularly for menopausal hot flashes and bone health, other studies have found no significant effects.

Several factors may explain these inconsistent findings:

• Different red clover preparations and dosages used across studies
• Variations in study design and quality
• Individual differences in isoflavone metabolism
• Differences in baseline health status and symptom severity
• Potential bias from industry-funded research

More high-quality, independent research is needed to establish red clover’s effectiveness for various health conditions definitively.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take for red clover to work?

Most studies examining red clover for menopause symptoms used treatment periods of at least 4-12 weeks. Some women may notice benefits within a few weeks, while others may need several months of consistent use.

Can men use red clover?

While most research has focused on women, men can use red clover. Some studies have examined its effects on male pattern baldness with promising results. However, due to its estrogenic properties, men should consult a healthcare provider before use.

Is red clover the same as white clover?

No, red clover and white clover are different species with different properties. Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is the species used medicinally and contains higher levels of isoflavones.

Can I take red clover with other herbal supplements?

Combining herbs can increase the risk of side effects and interactions. Consult a healthcare provider before taking red clover with other supplements, especially those with hormonal effects or that affect blood clotting.

The Bottom Line

Red clover is a traditional herbal remedy that may offer benefits for menopause symptoms, bone health, and skin and hair quality, particularly for women. The isoflavones in red clover act as phytoestrogens, which may help compensate for declining hormone levels.

While some research supports red clover’s use for reducing hot flashes and preserving bone density, results have been inconsistent across studies. More high-quality research is needed to confirm many of red clover’s traditional uses.

Red clover is generally safe for most healthy adults when used appropriately, but it may not be suitable for everyone. Those with hormone-sensitive conditions, bleeding disorders, or who are pregnant or breastfeeding should avoid red clover or consult their healthcare provider first.

If you’re considering red clover for any health concern, speak with a qualified healthcare professional first. They can help you determine whether red clover is appropriate for your individual situation and advise you on proper dosage and potential interactions with any medications you’re taking.

Remember that herbal supplements are not a substitute for medical treatment. If you have serious or persistent health concerns, seek professional medical care.

Sources:

• National Center for Biotechnology Information – PubMed Central
• National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
• Mayo Clinic
• National Institutes of Health – Office of Dietary Supplements
• WebMD
• Mount Sinai Health Library