Mullein Tea: Complete Guide to Benefits, Side Effects & Uses

Mullein tea is an herbal infusion that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to support respiratory health and relieve various ailments. Made from the leaves and flowers of the Verbascum thapsus plant, this caffeine-free tea offers a mild, slightly sweet flavor and potential therapeutic properties.

While mullein has a long history of folk medicine use, modern scientific research is still exploring its potential health benefits. This comprehensive guide examines what mullein tea is, its possible benefits, potential side effects, and how to prepare it safely at home.

What Is Mullein Tea?

Mullein tea is an herbal beverage brewed from the dried leaves, and sometimes flowers, of the common mullein plant (Verbascum thapsus). This biennial plant is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa but now grows throughout North America and other temperate regions worldwide.

The mullein plant is easily recognizable by its tall flowering stalk that can reach up to 6 feet in height, covered with soft, fuzzy leaves. These velvety leaves contain various bioactive compounds that give mullein tea its potential therapeutic properties.

Traditional herbalists have used mullein for respiratory conditions, digestive issues, and skin problems. Today, mullein tea is most commonly consumed to support lung health and soothe respiratory discomfort.

Nutritional Profile and Active Compounds

Mullein leaves and flowers contain several beneficial plant compounds that contribute to their potential health effects:

• Saponins: Natural compounds with expectorant properties that may help loosen mucus
• Mucilage: A gel-like substance that coats and soothes irritated tissues
• Flavonoids: Antioxidant compounds including hesperidin, verbascoside, and rutin
• Iridoid glycosides: Plant compounds with potential anti-inflammatory effects
• Phenolic acids: Antioxidants that may help protect cells from damage
• Essential oils: Small amounts of volatile compounds that contribute to the plant’s aroma

These compounds work together synergistically, potentially providing the health benefits associated with mullein tea.

Potential Health Benefits of Mullein Tea

While human clinical trials are limited, preliminary research and traditional use suggest several potential benefits of mullein tea. It’s important to note that most studies have been conducted in test tubes or animals, and more research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.

Respiratory Health Support

Mullein tea’s most well-known traditional use is for respiratory conditions. The tea may help support respiratory health in several ways:

Soothing irritated airways: The mucilage in mullein creates a protective coating over mucous membranes in the throat and respiratory tract, potentially relieving irritation and cough.

Expectorant properties: Mullein may help thin and loosen mucus, making it easier to expel from the lungs. This could be beneficial for productive coughs associated with colds, bronchitis, or other respiratory infections.

Anti-inflammatory effects: Some research suggests mullein compounds may reduce inflammation in the airways, which could help with conditions involving respiratory inflammation.

Antispasmodic activity: Preliminary studies indicate mullein may help relax smooth muscle tissue, potentially easing bronchial spasms and making breathing easier.

People have traditionally used mullein tea for conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, chronic coughs, and chest congestion. However, if you have a serious respiratory condition, consult a healthcare provider before using mullein tea as a complementary approach.

Antimicrobial Properties

Laboratory studies have found that mullein extracts may possess antimicrobial properties against certain bacteria and viruses:

Antibacterial effects: Test-tube research has shown that mullein extracts may inhibit the growth of various bacterial strains, including some that cause respiratory and skin infections. However, results have been mixed, and more research is needed.

Antiviral activity: Some studies suggest mullein extracts may have activity against certain viruses, including influenza and herpes family viruses. These effects have only been demonstrated in laboratory settings, not in human studies.

While these antimicrobial properties are promising, drinking mullein tea should not replace medical treatment for bacterial or viral infections. Always consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment of infections.

Antioxidant Benefits

The flavonoids and phenolic compounds in mullein tea provide antioxidant effects. Antioxidants help protect cells from oxidative stress caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging and disease.

By neutralizing free radicals, the antioxidants in mullein tea may support overall health and potentially reduce the risk of chronic diseases. However, more research is needed to understand the extent of these benefits in humans.

Digestive Comfort

Mullein tea has been traditionally used to soothe digestive discomfort. The mucilage content may help coat and protect the lining of the digestive tract, potentially easing irritation.

Some herbalists recommend mullein tea for conditions like gastritis or mild stomach upset, though scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited.

Sleep and Relaxation

Some people find that drinking warm mullein tea in the evening promotes relaxation and better sleep. This may be due to the ritual of drinking warm tea rather than specific compounds in mullein, as the herb is not traditionally classified as a sedative.

The soothing effect on respiratory passages may also help people breathe more comfortably at night, which could indirectly improve sleep quality.

Potential Side Effects and Safety Concerns

Mullein tea is generally considered safe for most people when consumed in moderate amounts. However, there are some potential side effects and precautions to be aware of:

Common Side Effects

Throat irritation: The tiny hairs on mullein leaves can cause throat irritation if not properly strained from the tea. Always use a fine-mesh strainer, cheesecloth, or coffee filter to remove all plant material before drinking.

Skin reactions: Some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when handling fresh mullein plants due to the fuzzy hairs on the leaves.

Digestive upset: In rare cases, mullein tea may cause mild stomach discomfort or diarrhea, especially when consumed in large quantities.

Special Populations

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: There is insufficient research on the safety of mullein tea during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Pregnant and nursing women should consult their healthcare provider before consuming mullein tea.

Children: While mullein has been traditionally used for children’s respiratory ailments, parents should consult a pediatrician before giving mullein tea to children.

Surgery: Because mullein may have muscle-relaxing properties, some experts recommend discontinuing use at least two weeks before scheduled surgery.

Drug Interactions

Mullein tea may interact with certain medications:

• Diabetes medications: Mullein may affect blood sugar levels, potentially interfering with diabetes management
• Muscle relaxants: The antispasmodic properties of mullein might enhance the effects of muscle relaxant medications
• Diuretics: Mullein may have mild diuretic properties that could interact with diuretic medications

If you take any medications or have chronic health conditions, consult your healthcare provider before adding mullein tea to your routine.

Mullein Seeds

It’s important to note that while mullein leaves and flowers are considered safe, mullein seeds are potentially toxic and should never be consumed. The seeds contain rotenone, a compound that can be harmful if ingested. Always use only the leaves and flowers for making tea.

How to Prepare Mullein Tea

Making mullein tea at home is straightforward. You can use dried mullein leaves, flowers, or a combination of both.

Basic Mullein Tea Recipe

Ingredients:

• 1-2 tablespoons dried mullein leaves or flowers
• 8 ounces (1 cup) boiling water
• Optional: honey, lemon, or other natural sweeteners

Instructions:

1. Place dried mullein leaves or flowers in a tea infuser, teapot, or directly in a cup
2. Pour boiling water over the herb
3. Cover and steep for 10-15 minutes for a mild tea, or up to 30 minutes for a stronger infusion
4. Strain the tea thoroughly using a fine-mesh strainer lined with cheesecloth or a coffee filter to remove all plant material and tiny hairs
5. Add honey, lemon, or other flavorings if desired
6. Drink while warm, up to 2-3 cups daily

Mullein Tea Variations

Mullein and peppermint tea: Combine mullein with peppermint leaves for additional respiratory support and a refreshing flavor.

Mullein honey infusion: Add a generous amount of raw honey to mullein tea to create a soothing syrup-like drink that may be especially helpful for coughs.

Mullein ginger tea: Add fresh ginger slices while steeping for additional anti-inflammatory benefits and warming flavor.

Mullein evening blend: Combine mullein with chamomile and lavender for a relaxing evening beverage.

Cold Infusion Method

Some herbalists recommend a cold water infusion method to extract the mucilage while minimizing the release of the tiny plant hairs:

1. Place mullein leaves in cold water
2. Let sit for 8-12 hours in the refrigerator
3. Strain thoroughly through multiple layers of cheesecloth
4. Warm gently if desired, or drink at room temperature

Where to Buy Mullein Tea

Mullein tea is widely available in several forms:

Loose dried leaves: Available at health food stores, herb shops, and online retailers. This offers the most flexibility in preparation and is often the most economical option.

Tea bags: Pre-portioned mullein tea bags are convenient and typically well-filtered to prevent irritation from plant hairs.

Tinctures and extracts: Concentrated liquid forms of mullein are available, though these provide a different experience than traditional tea.

Capsules and supplements: Mullein is also available in capsule form for those who prefer not to drink tea.

When purchasing mullein products, look for organic options from reputable suppliers to ensure quality and purity. Check that the product contains only leaves and flowers, not seeds.

Growing and Harvesting Your Own Mullein

Mullein is easy to grow in home gardens and often grows wild in disturbed areas. If you choose to harvest your own:

• Positively identify the plant before harvesting
• Collect leaves from the first year rosette or second year stalk
• Harvest flowers when fully open on sunny mornings after dew has dried
• Avoid plants growing near roads or contaminated areas
• Dry thoroughly in a well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight
• Store dried mullein in airtight containers in a cool, dark place

Mullein Tea vs. Other Herbal Remedies

Mullein is often compared to other herbs used for respiratory support:

Mullein vs. Eucalyptus: Both support respiratory health, but eucalyptus has a stronger, more medicinal flavor and contains potent essential oils that provide different therapeutic actions.

Mullein vs. Thyme: Thyme tea has stronger antimicrobial properties and is more commonly used for fighting respiratory infections, while mullein is gentler and more soothing.

Mullein vs. Marshmallow root: Both contain mucilage and soothe irritated tissues, but marshmallow root is typically used more for digestive issues, while mullein focuses on respiratory support.

Mullein vs. Licorice root: Licorice root has stronger anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties but can affect blood pressure and hormone levels, making mullein a safer option for many people.

Many herbalists recommend combining mullein with complementary herbs for enhanced benefits.

Scientific Research on Mullein

While traditional use of mullein spans centuries, modern scientific research is still catching up. Here’s what current evidence shows:

Antioxidant activity: Multiple studies have confirmed that mullein extracts possess significant antioxidant properties in laboratory tests.

Anti-inflammatory effects: Research has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity of mullein compounds in test-tube and animal studies, supporting its traditional use for inflammatory conditions.

Antimicrobial properties: Various studies have found that mullein extracts inhibit certain bacteria and viruses in laboratory settings, though results have been inconsistent and human studies are lacking.

Respiratory effects: Animal studies suggest mullein may have bronchodilator and expectorant effects, but human clinical trials are needed to confirm these benefits.

The main limitation of current research is that most studies use concentrated extracts rather than tea, and few have been conducted in humans. More clinical trials are needed to establish the effectiveness and optimal dosing of mullein tea for specific health conditions.

Dosage and Usage Recommendations

There is no standardized dosage for mullein tea, as it is not regulated as a medication. Traditional use and herbalist recommendations typically suggest:

• 1-2 cups of mullein tea daily for general wellness
• Up to 3-4 cups daily for acute respiratory symptoms
• Continuous use for no more than 2-3 weeks without a break

Start with a smaller amount to assess your tolerance, and increase gradually if desired. If you’re using mullein for a specific health concern, consult with a qualified herbalist or healthcare provider for personalized guidance.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While mullein tea may provide supportive benefits for minor respiratory discomfort, certain symptoms require professional medical evaluation:

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Chest pain or tightness
• High fever (over 103°F or 39.4°C)
• Coughing up blood or thick, discolored mucus
• Symptoms that worsen or don’t improve after several days
• Persistent asthma symptoms

Mullein tea should complement, not replace, proper medical care when needed. Always consult your healthcare provider if you have concerns about your health or if symptoms persist.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does mullein tea contain caffeine?

No, mullein tea is completely caffeine-free, making it suitable for consumption at any time of day, including evening.

Can I drink mullein tea every day?

Most people can safely consume mullein tea daily in moderate amounts (1-2 cups). However, it’s generally recommended to take periodic breaks rather than using it continuously for months.

How long does it take for mullein tea to work?

The soothing effects on the throat may be felt immediately, while benefits for respiratory conditions may take several days of consistent use to become noticeable.

Can I give mullein tea to my child?

While mullein has been traditionally used for children, always consult a pediatrician before giving any herbal remedy to a child.

Does mullein tea expire?

Properly dried and stored mullein leaves retain their potency for about 1-2 years. Store in an airtight container away from light, heat, and moisture.

Can I smoke mullein instead of drinking it as tea?

Some people do smoke dried mullein leaves, but inhaling any kind of smoke can irritate the lungs. Drinking mullein as tea is generally considered a safer option for respiratory support.

The Bottom Line

Mullein tea is a gentle herbal remedy with a long history of traditional use for respiratory support and other health concerns. While scientific research on its effectiveness in humans is still limited, preliminary studies and traditional knowledge suggest it may offer benefits for soothing coughs, supporting respiratory health, and providing antioxidant effects.

The tea is generally safe for most people when properly prepared, with few reported side effects. The key to safe consumption is thorough straining to remove the tiny plant hairs that can cause irritation.

If you’re interested in trying mullein tea, start with small amounts and pay attention to how your body responds. While mullein may provide supportive benefits, it should not replace medical treatment for serious health conditions. Always consult with a healthcare provider before using mullein tea therapeutically, especially if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, taking medications, or have chronic health conditions.

With its mild flavor, soothing properties, and potential health benefits, mullein tea can be a pleasant addition to a holistic approach to wellness and respiratory health.

Sources:

• National Center for Biotechnology Information – Ethnopharmacological Survey of Verbascum thapsus
• NCBI – Antispasmodic Properties of Mullein
• PubMed – Bioactive Compounds in Verbascum Species
• PMC – Antiviral Activity of Plant Extracts
• PubMed – Phytochemical and Biological Properties of Verbascum thapsus
• National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
• National Institutes of Health