Frankincense Oil Benefits: 5 Science-Backed Uses and 6 Common Myths

Frankincense has been treasured for thousands of years, both as a ceremonial incense and a natural remedy in traditional medicine. Today, modern research is uncovering the scientific basis for many of its purported health benefits, while also debunking some popular myths.

This aromatic resin, extracted from Boswellia trees native to the dry mountainous regions of India, Africa, and the Middle East, contains powerful compounds that may help manage various health conditions. However, not every claim about frankincense stands up to scientific scrutiny.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore what frankincense is, examine five science-backed benefits, address six common myths, and provide practical information about how to use it safely.

What Is Frankincense?

Frankincense, scientifically known as olibanum, is a fragrant resin obtained from trees in the Boswellia genus. The resin is harvested by making incisions in the tree bark, allowing the sap to ooze out and harden into tear-shaped droplets.

The primary species used for frankincense production include:

• Boswellia sacra (from Oman and Yemen)
• Boswellia carterii (from Somalia and Ethiopia)
• Boswellia serrata (from India)
• Boswellia frereana (from Somalia)

Frankincense has a distinctive woody, earthy, and slightly spicy aroma. It can be used in several forms: as an essential oil for aromatherapy, in topical preparations, or as an oral supplement in capsule or tablet form.

The therapeutic properties of frankincense are primarily attributed to boswellic acids and terpenes, which are bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and other beneficial effects.

5 Science-Backed Benefits of Frankincense

1. May Help Reduce Arthritis Symptoms

One of the most well-researched benefits of frankincense is its potential to alleviate arthritis symptoms. The boswellic acids in frankincense appear to inhibit the release of leukotrienes, inflammatory compounds that contribute to joint inflammation and pain.

For Osteoarthritis:

Multiple studies have investigated frankincense extract for osteoarthritis management. Research published in the journal Nutrition has shown that Boswellia serrata extract may help reduce pain and improve physical function in people with knee osteoarthritis.

In one clinical trial, participants who took 169.33 mg of Boswellia extract twice daily for 120 days experienced significant reductions in inflammation, joint pain, and stiffness without serious adverse effects.

A systematic review found that frankincense was consistently more effective than placebo at reducing osteoarthritis pain and improving mobility. However, researchers noted that higher-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Some studies have also examined topical applications. When oliban oil (another name for frankincense oil) was applied to the skin for six weeks, participants reported decreased osteoarthritis pain, though improvements in daily activities were less pronounced.

For Rheumatoid Arthritis:

While research on frankincense for rheumatoid arthritis is more limited, animal studies suggest it may help reduce inflammation. However, in these studies, frankincense was not as effective as conventional medications typically prescribed for this condition.

Combination Therapies:

Frankincense may work synergistically with other natural compounds. Research has shown that combining boswellic acid with curcumin (from turmeric) or with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) produced greater pain relief and functional improvements than either compound alone.

2. May Support Digestive Health and Gut Function

Frankincense shows promise for managing various digestive conditions, particularly those involving inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS):

Studies have found that frankincense, either alone or in combination with other herbal medicines, may help reduce common IBS symptoms including abdominal pain, bloating, and associated psychological symptoms like depression and anxiety.

In one study, participants who took 250 mg Boswellia tablets daily for six months reported improved symptoms compared to baseline measurements.

Ulcerative Colitis:

Frankincense appears particularly promising for ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical research has demonstrated that Boswellia extract taken daily for four weeks improved symptoms in people with mild ulcerative colitis who were in remission.

Animal studies have corroborated these findings, showing that Boswellia extract has both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in rats with experimentally-induced colitis.

The anti-inflammatory properties of boswellic acids may help calm the inflamed intestinal lining characteristic of these conditions. However, most human studies have been relatively small, and larger clinical trials are needed to establish definitive treatment protocols.

3. May Improve Asthma Symptoms

Traditional medicine systems have long used frankincense to treat respiratory conditions, including bronchitis and asthma. Modern research is beginning to validate these traditional uses.

The mechanisms behind frankincense’s respiratory benefits appear to involve:

• Inhibiting leukotriene production, which prevents bronchial muscle constriction
• Modulating Th2 cytokines, reducing inflammation and mucus overproduction in the airways

In a small clinical study, participants with asthma who took 500 mg of Boswellia extract daily as a complementary treatment were able to reduce their use of conventional asthma medications during the four-week trial period.

Another study examined a combination supplement containing frankincense and bael fruit extract. Participants who took 200 mg of this combination experienced greater improvements in asthma symptoms compared to those taking a placebo.

Animal research has also demonstrated that boswellic acid, a key component of frankincense resin, can improve asthma symptoms in mice.

While these results are encouraging, it’s important to note that frankincense should not replace prescribed asthma medications. Anyone with asthma interested in trying frankincense should consult with their healthcare provider first.

4. May Support Oral Health

The antibacterial properties of frankincense may contribute to better oral hygiene and help prevent gum disease.

Boswellic acids have demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens. In laboratory studies, frankincense extract proved effective against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a bacterium responsible for aggressive periodontitis (gum disease).

A small human study examined the effects of chewing gum containing frankincense extract. Participants chewed the gum for five hours, with saliva samples collected hourly. Results showed progressively declining numbers of oral microbes with each passing hour, suggesting that frankincense may help reduce infection-causing bacteria in the mouth.

These antimicrobial properties, combined with frankincense’s anti-inflammatory effects, make it a potentially valuable natural adjunct to conventional oral hygiene practices. However, more extensive research is needed to determine optimal applications and effectiveness.

5. May Have Anticancer Properties

Perhaps one of the most exciting areas of frankincense research involves its potential anticancer properties, though it’s crucial to emphasize that this research is still in early stages.

Laboratory studies have shown that boswellic acids may:

• Prevent cancer cells from spreading
• Interfere with DNA formation in cancerous cells
• Induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells

Test-tube research has demonstrated that frankincense extracts may combat various types of cancer cells, including:

• Breast cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Skin cancer
• Colon cancer

One clinical study examined frankincense’s potential to reduce treatment-related side effects in people with brain tumors. Participants who took 4,500 mg of boswellic acid extract daily experienced reduced brain edema (fluid accumulation) and were able to decrease their regular medication dosage.

While these findings are promising, it’s absolutely critical to understand that frankincense is not a proven cancer treatment. All the cancer-fighting research has been conducted in laboratory settings or in very small human trials. Anyone dealing with cancer should work exclusively with oncology professionals and not use frankincense as a substitute for proven cancer therapies.

More extensive clinical trials are essential before frankincense can be recommended as part of any cancer treatment protocol.

6 Common Myths About Frankincense

While frankincense does offer legitimate health benefits, it’s also surrounded by numerous unsubstantiated claims. Here are six common myths that lack solid scientific support:

Myth 1: Frankincense Prevents Diabetes

Some small studies have reported that frankincense may help lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes, and research reviews have suggested it might help with diabetes management.

However, other studies have found no significant effect on blood glucose control. The evidence is inconsistent and insufficient to claim that frankincense prevents or effectively treats diabetes. People with diabetes should rely on proven treatments and consult their healthcare provider before adding any supplements.

Myth 2: It Reduces Stress, Anxiety, and Depression

Animal studies have shown that frankincense may reduce depressive and anxious behaviors in rats and help them manage stress more effectively.

However, no well-designed human studies have confirmed these mental health benefits. The effects seen in rodents don’t necessarily translate to humans, and the aromatherapy benefits often touted for frankincense essential oil lack rigorous scientific validation.

While many people find the scent of frankincense calming, claiming it treats anxiety or depression goes beyond what current evidence supports.

Myth 3: It Prevents Heart Disease

Given frankincense’s anti-inflammatory properties, some have theorized it could help prevent heart disease, since inflammation plays a key role in cardiovascular conditions.

While preliminary research has suggested potential heart-protective effects, no substantial clinical trials have demonstrated that frankincense prevents heart disease or improves cardiovascular outcomes in humans.

Heart disease prevention requires proven strategies like healthy diet, regular exercise, not smoking, and appropriate medical care when needed.

Myth 4: It Improves Memory and Cognitive Function

Studies in rodents have shown that large doses of frankincense may enhance memory and learning. However, no human clinical trials have confirmed these cognitive benefits.

The dosages used in animal studies often don’t translate proportionally to humans, and rodent brain chemistry differs significantly from human neurology. Claims that frankincense can improve memory, prevent dementia, or enhance cognitive performance are premature.

Myth 5: It Balances Hormones and Reduces Menstrual Symptoms

Frankincense is sometimes marketed as a natural remedy for menstrual cramps, PMS symptoms, and menopausal discomfort, with claims that it balances hormones.

One study examined whether various essential oils could increase estrogen levels in women’s saliva. Interestingly, frankincense was specifically noted as NOT having this effect, contradicting claims about its hormonal benefits.

There is no credible scientific evidence supporting frankincense’s ability to balance hormones, delay menopause, or alleviate menstrual symptoms.

Myth 6: It Enhances Fertility

Some sources claim that frankincense supplements can improve fertility. This claim appears to be based on limited animal research showing potential fertility benefits in rats.

No human studies have investigated frankincense’s effects on fertility, and extrapolating from rat studies to human reproductive health is scientifically inappropriate. Couples experiencing fertility challenges should work with reproductive specialists rather than relying on unproven supplements.

How to Use Frankincense Safely

If you’re interested in trying frankincense, several forms are available:

Oral Supplements

Frankincense supplements typically come as capsules or tablets containing Boswellia extract. These are standardized to contain specific amounts of boswellic acids, the primary active compounds.

When choosing a supplement, look for products that specify the boswellic acid content and have been tested by third-party organizations for quality and purity.

Essential Oil

Frankincense essential oil is popular for aromatherapy and topical applications. Important safety guidelines include:

• Never ingest essential oils unless specifically formulated for internal use and under professional guidance
• Always dilute frankincense essential oil with a carrier oil (like coconut, jojoba, or almond oil) before applying to skin
• Perform a patch test before widespread topical use to check for allergic reactions
• Use caution with diffusers around pets, as some essential oils can be toxic to animals

A typical dilution ratio is 3-5 drops of essential oil per tablespoon of carrier oil for topical application.

Topical Creams and Ointments

Some commercial products incorporate frankincense into creams, lotions, or balms. These are pre-diluted and formulated for direct skin application.

Recommended Dosage

The optimal dosage of frankincense varies depending on the specific product, the condition being addressed, and individual factors.

Studies have used a wide range of dosages:

• For arthritis: 100-250 mg of Boswellia extract, two to three times daily
• For asthma: 300-500 mg daily
• For digestive issues: 250-500 mg daily

However, these are based on specific study protocols and shouldn’t be considered universal recommendations. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting frankincense supplementation to determine an appropriate dosage for your specific situation.

Potential Side Effects and Safety Concerns

Frankincense is generally considered safe for most people when used appropriately. It has been used in traditional medicine for millennia without widespread reports of serious adverse effects.

Common Side Effects

The most frequently reported side effects from oral frankincense supplements include:

• Digestive upset
• Nausea
• Acid reflux
• Constipation
• Diarrhea

These effects are typically mild and resolve when supplementation is discontinued.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Some research suggests that frankincense may increase the risk of miscarriage. Pregnant women and those trying to conceive should avoid frankincense supplements. There is insufficient data on the safety of frankincense during breastfeeding, so it’s best avoided during this period as well.

Drug Interactions

Frankincense may interact with certain medications, including:

• Blood thinners (such as warfarin): Frankincense may increase bleeding risk
• Anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen): Potential for additive effects or interactions
• Medications metabolized by the liver: Frankincense may affect how the liver processes certain drugs

If you’re taking any prescription medications, discuss frankincense use with your healthcare provider before starting supplementation.

Immune System Considerations

Some health authorities have cautioned that anti-inflammatory supplements, including frankincense, might theoretically interfere with appropriate immune responses during certain infections. However, other research has suggested frankincense might support immune function.

This area requires more research, but people with immune system disorders or those taking immunosuppressive medications should consult their healthcare provider before using frankincense.

Topical Use Safety

When using frankincense essential oil topically:

• Dilute properly to avoid skin irritation
• Discontinue use if redness, itching, or rash develops
• Avoid contact with eyes, inner ears, and mucous membranes
• Some people may experience photosensitivity after topical application

Choosing Quality Frankincense Products

Not all frankincense products are created equal. Here’s what to look for:

For Supplements:

• Standardized extracts with specified boswellic acid content (typically 60-65%)
• Third-party testing certifications (USP, NSF, or ConsumerLab)
• Clear labeling of Boswellia species used
• Reputable manufacturers with good manufacturing practices (GMP) certification

For Essential Oils:

• 100% pure frankincense oil (no synthetic additives)
• Latin name specified (Boswellia sacra, carterii, serrata, or frereana)
• Dark glass bottles (protects oil from light degradation)
• Organic certification when possible
• Country of origin listed

Frequently Asked Questions About Frankincense

What does frankincense smell like?

Frankincense has a complex, distinctive aroma often described as woody, earthy, slightly spicy, and subtly sweet with hints of lemon and pine. Different Boswellia species produce slightly different aromatic profiles.

Can frankincense be ingested?

Frankincense supplements in capsule or tablet form are designed for oral consumption. However, frankincense essential oil should not be ingested unless it’s specifically labeled as a food-grade supplement and you’re under professional guidance.

How long does it take to see results from frankincense?

The timeframe varies by condition and individual. Some studies on arthritis showed improvements within 4-8 weeks, while digestive benefits sometimes appeared sooner. Consistency is important—most studies showing benefits involved daily use for at least several weeks.

Can I use frankincense if I have allergies?

Some people may be allergic to frankincense. If you have allergies to tree resins or a history of skin sensitivities, perform a patch test before using frankincense topically. For oral supplements, start with a lower dose and monitor for any adverse reactions.

Is frankincense sustainable?

Boswellia trees are threatened by overharvesting, climate change, and habitat loss. When purchasing frankincense, look for sustainably harvested products and consider supporting organizations working to preserve Boswellia tree populations.

What’s the difference between frankincense resin, oil, and extract?

Frankincense resin is the raw material—hardened tree sap that can be burned as incense. Essential oil is produced through steam distillation of the resin. Extracts are concentrated preparations, often standardized for boswellic acid content, typically used in supplements.

The Bottom Line

Frankincense offers several legitimate, science-backed health benefits, particularly for inflammatory conditions like arthritis, certain digestive disorders, asthma symptoms, and potentially as a complementary therapy for other conditions.

However, it’s important to distinguish between proven benefits and unsubstantiated claims. Many popular assertions about frankincense—including its supposed effects on diabetes, mental health, fertility, and hormones—lack solid scientific support.

If you’re considering frankincense supplementation:

• Consult with a healthcare provider first, especially if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking medications
• Choose high-quality products from reputable manufacturers
• Start with lower doses and monitor your response
• Be patient—most benefits require consistent use over several weeks
• Use frankincense as a complement to, not a replacement for, conventional medical care

While frankincense has been used for thousands of years and modern research is uncovering the mechanisms behind some of its traditional uses, it’s not a miracle cure. Approach it as one tool among many for supporting health and wellness, always guided by scientific evidence and professional medical advice.

Sources:

• PubMed – National Library of Medicine
• PubMed Central – NIH Database
• ScienceDirect – Peer Reviewed Research
• BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
• Wiley Online Library
• Nature – International Journal of Science